Why Panama tilts right in presidential vote

But the PRD candidate, Balbina Herrera, is trailing by some 12 percentage points among likely voters. That discrepancy lies in the fact that many of the issues voters say are important – security, public transportation, health, and education – are perceived to have deteriorated under the PRD leadership, says Mr. Cabrera, even as foreign investment has poured in. Corruption scandals have embroiled the political system, too. And about a third of the population remains mired in poverty.

"There are not enough jobs, and they aren't doing enough for poor people," says Hermelinda de Bourne, a store owner in the old part of Panama City where beautiful colonial homes, many purchased by foreigners, stand in contrast to dilapidated ones crammed with local families.

Ms. De Bourne has always voted PRD, but this year she changed her mind. "They promise and promise, and give nothing," she says.

In many countries these kinds of frustrations have led to the emergence of left-wing leaders. Concern over a lack of employment, for example, drove many voters to the FMLN in El Salvador. In Ecuador, when Mr. Correa was originally voted in 2006, voters were rejecting the corruption of the political classes in favor of an unknown college economics professor. From Bolivia to Venezuela, left-wing leaders have campaigned on a promise to pay attention to the poor for the first time in history.

Ideology doesn't fly in pro-business Panama

In Panama, the left is not as pronounced as in other countries. There is no strong socialist current, and while political divides exist between those who support the military dictatorship and those who don't, the kinds of ideological rifts so marked in the rest of Latin America are largely absent. The PRD, for example, calls itself "leftist" but Orlando Perez, a Panama expert at Central Michigan University, says it's a misnomer.

This election has been absent of ideological debates – as the two leading candidates tend to support free trade policies and favor warm relations with the US. Both say they will improve education, tackle inflation and crime, and pour money into infrastructure to stave off economic slackening.

"It is a business-oriented culture," says Mr. Perez. "Martinelli is seen as a successful businessman. In some countries being a successful businessman is not a good thing; in Panama it is."

But Cabrera says sentiments could change here if the incoming administration does not satisfy voters' wishes for better services. "If this election does not fulfill expectations, I would not be surprised if a leftist figure emerges in Panama like it has in the rest of Latin America in the next elections."

Love him or hate him, Martinelli's rise signals a maturation of democracy in Panama, says Perez. Since the US invasion in 1989, the presidential post has rotated between the ruling and opposition parties. Even though Martinelli heads a coalition, and is perceived as a new political alternative from bipartisanship. "It will be the first victory of a third party in a sense," says Perez, "and represents a continuation of the process of democratization in Panama."

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