There are many special places on our planet that need protection. Palmyra Atoll, a speck of land lying in the middle of the Pacific Ocean about 1,000 miles south of Hawaii, is one of them. It is home to an abundant variety of animals that scientists are now studying.

A Hawaiian king claimed Palmyra in the 19th century, and the atoll became part of US territory when Hawaii was annexed in 1898. Eight years ago, Palmyra was purchased by the Nature Conservancy, an environmental organization that now manages and helps protect the atoll in conjunction with the US Fish and Wildlife Service.

Like most atolls, Palmyra consists of a lagoon surrounded by numerous small islands called islets. With an area of just 230 acres – barely a quarter the size of New York City's Central Park – densely forested Cooper Island is the largest of Palmyra's 50 islets and serves as base camp for visitors, such as chef Michèle Gentille. Ms. Gentille, who lives in New York, arrived on Palmyra in March to cook for the half-dozen researchers, staff, and volunteers currently working there.

"It's lush with life here," says Ms. Gentille, from her computer-linked satellite phone on Palmyra. "Birds are everywhere, hermit crabs crawl all over the ground, and the water is teaming with fish. The island feels like a living entity."

Much of Palmyra's life originates in its warm, shallow, tropical waters and coral reefs that are home to threatened green sea turtles, pilot whales, bottle-nosed dolphin, numerous fish and shark species, giant clams, and manta rays.

"In the evenings on the dock, we turn on the lights to attract phytoplankton," says Ms. Gentille, referring to free-swimming microscopic ocean plants that provide food for other marine creatures. "The manta rays glide to the surface to eat it; it's an incredible sight."

According to Healy Hamilton, an evolutionary biologist who heads up the island's scientific research, the best way to protect Palmyra is to study its animals, plants, and fragile coral reefs.

"Palmyra is an extremely unique natural laboratory because of its location in the Pacific," said Dr. Hamilton by phone from her San Francisco office at the California Academy of Sciences. "The ocean there experiences some of the widest ranges of surface water temperature and acidity, which are two of the most important factors for marine organisms."

Dr. Hamilton says researchers can also learn about climate change from Palmyra's ancient, untouched coral, which contains a record of water temperatures dating back more than 1,000 years and may provide clues to trends in global warming.

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