When Memory Comes, by Saul Friedlander. New York: Avon Books. $2.75.

Saul Friedlander was two children. He lived first as a Jew, in the tightening noose of Hitler's Germany. Smuggled by his parents into Nazi-occupied France, he found refuge in a Roman Catholic school, where he began training for the priesthood. In 10 years he had two religions, four identities, and five names. This book is a voyage backward. By sorting out the chaos and pain, Friedlander -- now a Jewish scholar living in Israel -- attempts to gain knowledge of who he is and what it means to be an Israeli.