Impeachment rules approved, but not witness testimony

The United States Senate plunged into President Donald Trump's impeachment trial with Republicans abruptly abandoning plans to cram opening arguments into two days but solidly rejecting Democratic demands for more witnesses to expose what they deem Mr. Trump's "trifecta" of offenses.

The daylong session started Tuesday with the setback for Republican Senate leader Mitch McConnell and the president's legal team, but it ended near 2 a.m. Wednesday, with Republicans easily approving the rest of the trial rules largely on their terms. The result is Mr. Trump's historic trial, unfolding amid a watchful public in an election year.

"We have a great case," Mr. Trump said as he began his second day at a global economic forum in Davos, Switzerland. He said he thought his legal team was doing a "very good job."

The trial is now on a fast-track with almost no signs of Republican resistance to the actions that led to his impeachment.

"It's about time we bring this power trip in for a landing," said White House counsel Pat Cipollone, the president's lead lawyer, lashing out at the House Democrats prosecuting the case.

"It's a farce," he said about the impeachment proceeding, "and it should end."

Chief Justice John Roberts gaveled open the session, with House prosecutors on one side, Mr. Trump's team on the other, in the well of the Senate, as senators sat silently at their desks, under oath to do "impartial justice." No cellphones or other electronics were allowed.

As the day stretched deep into the night, lawyerly arguments gave way to more pointedly political ones. Tempers flared and senators paced the chamber. Democrats pursued what may be their only chance to force senators to vote on hearing new testimony.

After one particularly bitter post-midnight exchange, Chief Justice Roberts intervened, taking the rare step of admonishing both the Democratic House managers prosecuting the case and the White House counsel to "remember where they are."

"I think it is appropriate at this point for me to admonish both the House managers and the president's counsel in equal terms to remember that they are addressing the world's greatest deliberative body," the usually reserved Chief Justice Roberts said. He told them that description of the Senate stemmed from a 1905 trial when a senator objected to the word "pettifogging," because members should "avoid speaking in a manner and using language that is not conducive to civil discourse."

Over and over, Republicans turned back Democratic amendments to subpoena documents from the White House, State Department, Defense Department, and budget office. By the same 53-47 party-line, they turned away witnesses with front-row seats to Mr. Trump's actions including acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and John Bolton, the former national security adviser critical of the Ukraine policy.

Only on one amendment, to allow more time to file motions, did a single Republican, Sen. Susan Collins of Maine, join Democrats. But it, too, was rejected, 52-48.

"It's not our job to make it easy for you," Rep. Adam Schiff, the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee leading the prosecution, told the Senate. "Our job is to make it hard to deprive the American people of a fair trial."

As the visitors' gallery filled earlier with guests, actress-and-activist Alyssa Milano among them, and Mr. Trump's most ardent House allies lining the back rows, the day that began as a debate over rules quickly took on the cadence of a trial proceeding over whether the president's actions toward Ukraine warranted removal from office.

Mr. Cipollone led the prosecution, scoffing that the House charges against Mr. Trump were "ridiculous," insisting the president "has done absolutely nothing wrong."

The White House legal team did not dispute Mr. Trump's actions, when he called Ukraine and asked for a "favor," which was to investigate Democrat Joe Biden as the United States was withholding military aid the ally desperately needed as it faced off with hostile Russia on its border. But the lawyers insisted the president did nothing wrong. "Absolutely no case," Mr. Cipollone said.

Representative Schiff, the California Democrat, said America's Founders added the remedy of impeachment in the Constitution with "precisely this type of conduct in mind – conduct that abuses the power of office for a personal benefit, that undermines our national security, and that invites foreign interference in the democratic process of an election."

Representative Schiff said: "It is the trifecta of constitutional misconduct justifying impeachment.''

The other lead lawyer on Mr. Trump's team, Jay Sekulow, retorted, "I'll give you a trifecta," outlining complaints over the House Democrats' impeachment inquiry process.

The impeachment trial is testing whether Mr. Trump's actions toward Ukraine warrant removal as voters are forming their own verdict on his White House.

All four senators who are presidential candidates were off the campaign trail, seated as jurors. "My focus is going to be on impeachment," Sen. Bernie Sanders, the Vermont independent, told reporters.

Senator McConnell stunned senators and delayed the start of proceedings with his decision to back off some of his proposed rules. He made the adjustment after encountering resistance from Republicans during a closed-door lunch meeting. Senators worried about the political optics of "dark of night" sessions that could come from cramming the 24 hours of opening arguments from each side into just two days.

Senator Collins and Senator Lisa Murkowksi of Alaska, who often buck party leadership, along with a substantial number of other Republicans, wanted to make the changes, according to people familiar with the situation.

It was only when the clerk started reading the dry language of the resolution that the hand-written changes to extend debate to three days became apparent. It also allowed the House impeachment record to be included in the Senate.

The turnaround was a swift lesson as White House wishes run into the reality of the Senate. The White House wanted a session kept to a shorter period to both expedite the trial and shift more of the proceedings into late night, according to a person familiar with the matter but unauthorized to discuss it in public.

"READ THE TRANSCRIPTS!" the president tweeted from Davos.

That's the transcript of his phone call in which he asked new Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy for "a favor." The Democrats cite that transcript as solid evidence against Mr. Trump, though he repeatedly describes it as "perfect."

The House impeached Mr. Trump last month on a charge of abuse of power for pushing Ukraine to investigate Democratic rival Mr. Biden and his son Hunter Biden as the White House was withholding military aid from Ukraine. Mr. Trump was also impeached on a second charge, of obstruction of Congress, in the House probe.

Mr. Trump's legal team, absent its TV-showcase attorneys, Alan Dershowitz and Kenneth Starr who were not in the chamber, argued that in seeking new evidence the House was bringing a half-baked case.

But Rep. Zoe Lofgren of California, one of the House managers and the first woman to argue for the prosecution in a presidential impeachment trial, said the House wasn't asking the Senate to do the job for them. "The House is asking the Senate to do its job, to have a trial," she said. "Have you ever heard of a trial without evidence?''

The White House had instructed officials not to testify in the House inquiry, and refused to turn over witnesses or documents, citing what it says is precedence in defiance of congressional subpoenas.

The ambassadors and national security officials who appeared before the House delivered striking testimonies, highlights of which were displayed on television screens during the Senate proceeding.

Democratic Representative Schiff displayed video of Mr. Trump himself suggesting there should be more witnesses testifying.

One by one, the House managers made the case, drawing on their own life experiences.

Rep. Val Demings, D-Fla., a former police chief, said she never saw anyone take "such extreme steps to hide evidence.'' Rep. Jason Crow, a former Army Ranger who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, seemed to capture senators' attention when he told them he knew the hour was late, but it was morning in Ukraine where soldiers were waking up to fight Russia, depending on U.S. aid.

No president has ever been removed from office. With its 53-47 Republican majority, the Senate is not expected to mount the two-thirds vote needed for conviction.

This story was reported by The Associated Press.