Hollywood in Baghdad: US spy thriller filmed partly in Iraq

In July that year, several months after the war began, Mr. Wilson publicly revealed that he had found no evidence in Niger to support the yellowcake claim. Plame's cover was blown eight days later, effectively ending her career as a CIA agent.

Sean Penn, who plays Wilson, is one of the few actors to have been in prewar Iraq. Opposed to the war, he traveled to Badghdad in 2002 to meet Iraqis.

For shooting scenes in Baghdad, which follow an Iraqi nuclear scientist, Liman and Ludwig teamed with award-winning Iraqi director Oday Rasheed.

Seeking authenticity by filming in Baghdad

Armed with a letter from the Iraqi Interior Ministry and bulletproof vests demanded by their private security guards, the Americans shot street scenes in crowded markets, attracting so much attention that they could only stay in one location for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. At one point, though, the attention took the form of an Iraqi policeman buying them ice cream.

Most of the Iraq sequences have been filmed in Jordan, but Liman says he wanted to come to Baghdad for authenticity. "No amount of newspaper and television watching can accurately convey the experience [of being in Iraq].... Movies ultimately can convey that because it's a completely immersive experience," he says.

Mr. Rasheed looked through the camera lens at each video frame to determine whether the image would have looked different six years ago.

"My last movie was a heavily visual-effects movie, and now we're trying to use visual effects in conjunction with really being here so I wanted him to tell me what in the frame is accurate and what changed and what do I have to visually change to make it back to what it was," says Liman, who will use special effects to change the images.

The main missing element in today's streets, of course, is Saddam Hussein's image, which the producers hoisted onto buildings in Amman while shooting there.

"We thought about doing some of the work here, but I don't think the Iraqi people are ready for an American film crew to come in and start putting Saddam's image all over the sides of buildings again – there's not enough distance yet," says Liman.

In Jordan, the filmmakers re-created the US leaflet drop that asked Iraqis during the invasion not to resist.

"We were able to procure a Black Hawk helicopter and we were able to shut down downtown Amman … and we had a leaflet drop," says Liman. Their plan to use the real leaflets from 2003 vetoed by the Jordanian government, they dropped 100,000 blank pieces of paper. "People would have been freaking out, wondering, 'Is the United States government attacking Amman?' even though they were talking about Saddam Hussein," says Liman.

Given the spate of recent flops of Iraq-related films, Liman is making the film independently – something he hasn't done since 1996. He said, though, that he also wanted to help connect Iraq to the world.

"I thought that I could do my teeny little piece of that puzzle by coming here as a filmmaker and encouraging other filmmakers to come here," he says.

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