El Salvador election: Is this a referendum on Chávez?

The Arena Party maintains it is best positioned to help the country weather the economic crisis ahead. “Arena has shown its capacity to govern, to bring in investment, and generate industry,” says Luis Mario Rodriguez, a lawyer who helped draw up Mr. Avila’s government plan.

“All of the investment could be scared away by an FMLN win,” he adds, referring to a relationship between some FMLN members and Mr. Chávez, who has moved forward with nationalization and expropriation of Venezuela’s key industries during his 10 years in office.

ALL CHAVEZ, ALL THE TIME

Arena, which is supported by major media outlets in El Salvador, has hung billboards around the city of Mr. Funes pictured with Chávez and other leftist heads of state. In fact the Venezuelan leader is as likely to appear on Salvadoran TV these days as the candidates themselves.

The FMLN dismisses such moves as scare tactics, and says the real struggle is not between ideologies but between creating an economy that only benefits the privileged and one that benefits all. “Theirs is a model that expulses its own people,” says Gerson Martinez, a lifelong FMLN member who coordinated Funes’s government plan. “For 20 years we lived in a postwar society, and Arena benefited from fear. But it does not work with Mauricio.”

In many ways, conditions now would seem to give FMLN an upper hand; Arena has been in power for so long that it naturally bears the brunt of criticisms, both on the economy and on crime, another top concern in a country that is among the most violent in Latin America.

“There is a wearing out of the political party,” Mr. Orozco says.
In a University of Central America survey this fall, over 80 percent of respondents said the country needed a change in direction.

But the FMLN would likely not be ahead if the party had not evolved as well. For the past 20 years, says Mr. Rubio-Fabian, the FMLN has consistently put hard-line leftists on the ticket, which scared away many Salvadorans whose memories of the civil war were still raw. “They were not able to change their image or [assuage] the fear people have of the war,” says Rubio-Fabian.

AFTER 20 YEARS, A MODERATE LEFTIST
After two decades of political losses, however, they realized they had to expand their electoral base. That is how Funes, who hails from outside the party and never fought in the war, and who has painted himself as a moderate leftist after the mold of Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, became the FMLN candidate.
Rubio-Fabian says his support base comes from middle and lower-middle-class voters, as well as those who are urban, young, and male.

Avila supporters counter that, even if Funes himself is moderate, he will still have to contend with a hard-line party that would welcome Chávez’s hand in the country.
Says Mr. Rodriguez: “The problem is not Mauricio Funes. Even if he has good intentions he has all the former communists in his corner.”

Voter Luis Gustavo Cruz, a student, shakes his head as another Chávez commercial appears on a television screen.

“This is total manipulation,” says Mr. Cruz, who says he does not consider himself a leftist but is voting for Funes for a change. “They should give someone else an opportunity to run the country,” he says.

Others say they do worry about the direction FMLN would take, and whether it would mean that El Salvador would find itself as part of a new leftist axis.
Julia Ester Cuellar, a food vendor in San Salvador, whispers her choice of president.

“Arena,” she hisses, and adds even more quietly, “I don’t want Chávez to start meddling in our country,” she says. “In these times, it’s better to stick with the one you know.”

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