Do candidates' family lives matter to voters? Not much.

"For Republicans, I'd think marital history can become an issue with the very conservative end of the party," says Dianne Bystrom, director of Iowa State University's Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics. "But overall, voters are forgiving because all lives are messy."

Americans do have limits. A candidate who strays from his wedding vows during a campaign – and is caught – is usually history: see Gary Hart, Monkey Business, 1988.

But in the Pew polls, the biggest turnoffs in a presidential candidate – atheism and a lack of political experience – had little to do with their divorce count or the number of phone calls they get each week from their children. The most appealing traits were military service and Christian faith.

Families can help spread campaign message

If a large and intact family is useful in an election season, political historians say, it is in a more practical way: as surrogates that let a campaign be in many places at once.

Josh Romney, one of Romney's five sons, drove an R.V. – the "Mitt Mobile" – across all 99 Iowa counties this summer. Mr. Clinton has emceed fundraisers on behalf of his wife, Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton (D) of New York. Elizabeth Edwards and Michelle Obama maintain speaking schedules apart from their husbands, former Democratic Sen. John Edwards and Senator Obama.

Giuliani's relationship with family draws scrutiny

Giuliani, on the other hand, is unlikely to get much help from his children. Andrew and Caroline Giuliani appear nowhere on his campaign website. His current wife, Judith Giuliani, frequent tabloid fodder for her sharp elbows and expensive tastes, has of late been less asset than liability.

At a town-hall-style campaign event in New Hampshire last week, Giuliani signaled that he didn't want to talk about his family.

"There are complexities in every family in America," Giuliani reportedly said, when a local woman asked how he could expect loyalty from GOP voters when his own children didn't seem to support him. "The best thing I can say is kind of, 'Leave my family alone, just like I'll leave your family alone.' "

Giuliani instead asked the audience to judge his record as a mayor and federal prosecutor, according to an Associated Press account.

Because Giuliani's popularity derives from his leadership of America's largest city after 9/11, and not an image as a family man, he may just get his wish.

"His public profile was firmly mythologized without a spouse or children," says Carl Sferrazza Anthony, author of "America's First Families." "It was like General Eisenhower during the war."

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