Bush and Cheney: the insular 'deciders'

FDR promoted a healthier style of leadership.

from the July 17, 2007 edition

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He controls a staff of true believers, issues his own ideological pronunciamentos, and maintains his own alliances with key conservatives in Congress. White House watchers speculate that, behind the scenes, Cheney directs policy.

What are the implications of Cheney's enormous vice presidential power – and especially for the selection of future vice-presidential candidates?

Historically, the second spot on the presidential ticket has had a dual function. First, it has been used as a peace-offering to the candidate and faction that lost the presidential nomination.

And second, it has been a pragmatic way to give balance to the ticket. FDR chose John Nance Garner as his vice president both as a sop to influential Southern Democrats who supported Mr. Garner and as a nod to the political center. In 1940, as World War II approached, he ran with Henry Wallace as a way to win the support of interventionist Republicans. And when Mr. Wallace proved too liberal for party centrists, FDR replaced him on the ticket in 1944 with the more moderate Harry Truman, who went on to defend Roosevelt's New Deal policies when he in turn ascended to the presidency. Other presidents – such as John F. Kennedy, who chose Lyndon Johnson to balance the ticket toward the South and the political center – have used similar strategies.

Sometimes, however, this tradition can backfire. William McKinley's assassination catapulted into the White House that charismatic ticket balancer Theodore Roosevelt, who distanced himself from Mr. McKinley's policies and set the GOP on a new, radical course.

It is one thing to balance toward the party center, as FDR and JFK did. It is quite different for a staunch conservative such as Bush to tilt the ticket toward an even more right-wing Republican. That creates acute imbalance, narrowing the party's electoral appeal and weakening its capacity to win support in Congress.

The Bush-Cheney presidency – shaped and led by ideologues who have rejected the creative, collective leadership that might be supplied by a vibrant, diverse Cabinet – has immobilized itself in its own narrowness and extremism. The test of leadership is not simply calling oneself "the decider." The test is whether leaders can mobilize followers who will sustain them in the tough decisions that lie ahead.

• James MacGregor Burns and Susan Dunn teach at Williams College in Williamstown, Mass. Mr. Burns is the author of "Leadership"; they are coauthors of "The Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed America" and "George Washington." ©2007 Los Angeles Times Syndicate.

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