For US military veterans, a free-speech dispute

Referring to Kokesh's case, disciplining a marine for such behavior has not been seen before, his attorneys charge. "It will be the first time ever anyone has been disciplined for this offense," says Kevin Zeese, one of Kokesh's attorneys and the director of Democracy Rising, an antiwar group based in Washington.

"During the Vietnam War and after, you did have people protesting the war who'd served in the war and who wore articles of military clothing as part of the protest," says Ralph Stein, professor of constitutional law at Pace University School of Law in White Plains, N.Y. "They were not prosecuted, but that was largely a question of discretion.... It's a judgment call."

If the Marine brigadier general decides to downgrade Kokesh's honorable discharge, he plans to challenge it in federal court.

"What I'm fighting for here is the rights of all veterans," says Kokesh, so "that they will be able to have their full rights as citizens until they get called back to active duty."

Military critics have pointed to a double standard for veterans who oppose the war. For example, generals can also be recalled into service after retirement. Last month, former Marine Gen. James Jones Jr. appeared in an advertisement in The Washington Post wearing his full military uniform and announcing his participation in developmental programs for M.I.C. Industries, a defense contractor.

"The military's regulations make it very clear that you're not supposed to wear your uniform for commercial purposes, just as you're not supposed to wear it to express political views," says Arthur Spitzer, legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union of the National Capital Area. "I bet you that no one is thinking about reprimanding General Jones for appearing in full dress uniform in this commercial advertisement."

Even the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), one of the largest veterans organizations in the United States, has backed the marines in question. "This marine went to war, did his duty, came home, and received an honorable discharge. He has a message to say, but now the Marine Corps wants to stifle his ability to say the message," says Joe Davis, spokesman for the VFW, speaking about Kokesh.

"It's a free-speech issue, but it's more than just the right to say what you want," says Madden, who also faces disloyal-statement charges for calling US involvement in Iraq a war crime during a speech he made while in civilian clothing.

Still, the Marine Corps maintains that no one was targeted for political beliefs. "At no time do I believe that an individual was singled out," says Gunnery Sergeant Homan. "It was just an incident that came to our attention, and it was addressed."

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