Drivers seek ways to save at the pump

Though prices averaged $2.61 per gallon last week, analysts predict pump prices will rise to at least $2.70 a gallon in the wake of hurricane Katrina. While filling a tank is twice as expensive as it was five years ago, the burden was worse a generation earlier, according to the Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration. With prices adjusted for inflation, a gallon of regular gasoline topped out at $3.11 per gallon in March 1981, according to the agency.

Regardless of whether drivers take their savings in nickels at the pump, rebates, or cash discounts, savings for most people are more psychological than actual.

Americans consume 550 gallons per year, on average, in order to drive between 12,000 and 15,000 miles, according to statistics from AAA (formerly the American Automobile Association) and the US Department of Energy. A 5-cent-per-gallon discount, therefore, amounts to just $27.50 per year. If a gallon of gas averages $2.50 for the year, a 4 percent discount would net just $55 by year's end.

For drivers who do not want another credit card, websites like Gaspricewatch.com, Gasbuddy.com and AAA.com offer area gasoline comparisons. (AAA is only for members.)

Despite their easy-to-check sites, call a station beforehand to verify price, and go only if you are close enough so that the drive will not eat up any savings.

Carpooling may net the biggest savings. This spring, Cate Cotier, an Intel Corp. administrator in Tempe, Ariz., started commuting to work with a neighbor, paying her $20 a month. Ms. Cotier says the move has halved her gasoline bills.

"I used to do carpooling on weekends [for trips]. Now I carpool to work," she says.

Gasoline prices usually drop when the summer vacation season ends, but the disruptions of hurricane Katrina may nudge them higher now. Here are some ways to save gas:

• Buy low-octane fuel unless your car requires a higher grade. High-octane gas not only costs more, it can also reduce gas mileage.

• Fill up away from major highways, where gasoline prices are often higher.

• Don't top off the tank. When the gas nozzle clicks, it's full. And because of various pollution controls on the pump, the additional gas you try to put in your tank may be fed back into the station's tanks instead.

• Tune up your car at least as often as the manufacturer recommends.

• Keep tires inflated to their recommended pressure. For every pound of underinflation, you lose 2 percent in fuel efficiency. A five-pound deficit, for example, means a 10 percent drop in efficiency.

• Remove rooftop carriers and flags. They create drag.

• Keep windows rolled up. Running the air conditioner on a warm day is more efficient than the drag created by opening car windows. Better still, turn off the AC and open outside air vents.

• Accelerate slowly and coast to a stop. Don't idle or warm up for more than a minute. Use cruise control, and don't rev the engine.

• Leave golf clubs and recycled newspapers at home unless you're on your way to do something with them.

• Don't exceed 55 miles per hour, the most efficient highway speed.

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