How one country created its own food crisis

The Liberty Grace set sail from Louisiana on a hot, sticky evening in late August. Capt. John Codispoti and his crew steered downriver to the mouth of the Mississippi, across the Gulf of Mexico, and in the early morning hours of Sept. 3, hit the open ocean and turned toward Africa.

On board, sealed in six cavernous holds, were 50,000 tons of yellow corn kernels – a small part of the US government's donation to an international emergency effort to help 14.5 million men, women, and children facing hunger in six Southern African countries.

In the months ahead, this consignment of corn will travel from Midwestern farms to the ports of East Africa, where it will be unloaded and bagged. It will be piled high onto trains and trucks, and hauled to warehouses scattered across the region. And it will be balanced on heads and dragged in carts to the huts of the hungry.

But along its journey, this corn will encounter many of the continent's problems, both old and new: corruption, Western trade barriers and subsidies, concerns about genetic modification, and AIDS. It is these problems, more than just the current drought, that are at the heart of the growing hunger here.

The solutions to the African hunger crisis are as complicated as the problems themselves. The challenge for the six countries – Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, and Swaziland – is not just to get through the immediate food shortage, but to find ways to keep the problem from happening again next year.

"This is not the same old story. There are deep-rooted problems in the region," says Tim Osborne, Malawi country director of CARE, an Atlanta-based nongovernmental organization (NGO) that helps fight global poverty. "Various factors have combined to make the populations so vulnerable that they cannot cope with any new crisis. This is an emergency all right – a long-term emergency."

Moreblessing Tigre stands guard at a small grain warehouse on the outskirts of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, jiggling her ring of keys. She is the senior logistics officer and takes her job very seriously.

Five months ago, World Vision, another NGO, rented an old handbag factory and transformed it into a warehouse for emergency food aid. Today, the rooms are filled with hundreds of bags of corn from the US, ready to be put on trucks and sent out to distribution centers scattered around these barren plains. Ms. Tigre is in charge.

Some 6.7 million Zimbabweans – approximately half the whole population – face hunger this year, and are depending on food aid to get them through the coming months, according to the World Food Program (WFP).

When the warehouse is emptied out, Tigre explains, pushing back her thick glasses and pulling her hair into a bun, new truckloads of corn are supposed to come in. Part of the consignment on board the Liberty Grace will soon make its way here.

"I am so busy moving the corn in and out that I really have no idea where it comes from," Tigre admits. "To be honest, I don't much mind. As long as enough gets here on time. That's good. That's a start."

A start, but not an end. Because in Zimbabwe, as in other countries, even when the corn arrives at the warehouses and is sent out to distribution centers, there is no guarantee that the neediest will receive it. Here, the problem is government mismanagement and corruption.

"There is no doubt that the developing famine in Zimbabwe is rooted in bad governance and corrupt practices," says John Prendergast, Africa director at the International Crisis Group (ICG) think tank.

As elsewhere in the region, there has been a drought in Zimbabwe. But in years past, Zimbabwe was able to sustain itself though similar drought periods – and even continue exporting to the neighbors.

This year is a different story. President Robert Mugabe's controversial land-reform policy – taking land from minority white farmers and giving it to the landless black majority – has crippled the commercial farm sector.

For Mildred Rashal, this has been a good year. Her restaurant "Taks Tenth Avenue," in downtown Bulawayo, is packed every day with the city's bigwigs.

"People are moving into new opportunities. There is a lot of money floating around," she says, touching up her lipstick. Outside, a long line of fellow Zimbabweans queue for bread. They have been there since dawn. Mrs. Rashal pays them no attention.

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