Venezuelans square off over 'circles'

Last year, in a bid to give more power to the people, President Hugo Chávez called on his supporters to form community groups to lobby the government directly for funds. His hope was to diminish the power of existing government institutions. Some 70O,000 Venezuelans have since become members of the Bolivarian Circles.

For the Venezuelan government and these supporters, the circles are civic action groups that help the country's poorest.

But critics of Mr. Chávez say the circles are a dangerous underground militia that threaten to tip Venezuela into a maelstrom of political violence. Many want them disbanded.

The two positions reflect the polarization of a country still reeling from last month's failed coup. Since Chávez returned to power on April 14, Venezuelans of all political stripes have called for conciliation. But continuing debate over the Bolivarian Circles highlights the persistent gulf of understanding between followers and opponents of the controversial president.

"Chávez is trying to build an urban guerrilla force to consolidate his power," says retired Gen. Manuel Andara of the Institutional Military Front, a group of retired officers who lead an energetic anti-Chávez campaign.

General Andara alleges that the circles have been trained by Cuban spies disguised as medical workers. Others have compared the circles to Cuba's Committees for the Defense of the Revolution – neighborhood groups which monitor antigovernment activity.

Like many in the opposition, Andara says that the groups are the first step in a plan hatched by Cuban President Fidel Castro to impose communist regimes throughout South America.

But despite Chávez's close friendship with Mr. Castro, the president's supporters dismiss such allegations as fantasy.

"We are as far from communism as is possible," says Freddy Bernal, mayor of Libertadores, a district in downtown Caracas. "We Venezuelans reject any kind of totalitarianism – from the left or the right."

Mr. Bernal says that criticism of the circles is a political tactic to discredit Chávez's enduring appeal to the country's vast underclass.

"When the circles started to grow, the opposition got scared, because they feared the people were getting organized," he says.

Caracas's Mayor Alfredo Peña – an outspoken critic of the president – says that he is not concerned that Chávez supporters are organized. What worries him is that they are also armed. "I'm not saying that all of the circles are violent, but some definitely are," he says.

On April 11, 17 people died after shooting broke out during a massive opposition demonstration in Caracas. TV cameras caught several Chavistas firing handguns from a bridge, and initial reports suggested that they were aiming at the unarmed demonstrators.

Evidence later emerged to support claims that they were exchanging shots with unidentified snipers on a nearby rooftop, while many of the victims turned out to be Chávez supporters.

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