Afghan poppies may bloom again

It is planting season in eastern Afghanistan, and a sharecropper named Katib is riding behind two oxen pulling a wooden plow, preparing his field for next year's crop.

A few weeks ago, Katib (who uses only one name) had been planning to plant wheat. But now that the Taliban have gone, and their drugs ban with them, he has changed his mind. He is going back to opium poppies, which will earn him 15 times more money.

"The Taliban told us not to cultivate poppies, so I stopped," says the gray-bearded father of nine. "Absolutely we were forced to stop, and we were sorry about this. I don't especially like growing poppies, but I was worried about getting food for my stomach."

The fall of the Taliban - almost universally welcomed here - is bad news for international drug controllers who fear the change of government in Kabul will bring a new flood of raw opium and its processed form, heroin, onto world markets.

"The most likely scenario is replanting" of poppies, predicts Thomas Pietschmann, a researcher at the Vienna-based United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (ODCC). "The chances of getting rid of opium completely were better before Sept. 11th."

International drug officials had been pleasantly surprised by the success of the Taliban's ban on opium production. The authorities slashed production this year by 94 percent, according to surveys by the ODCC.

"It was seen as a historic breakthrough in international drug control," says Kamal Kurspahic, the UN agency's spokesman. "Afghanistan traditionally produced 75 percent of the world's opiates, and cutting that out meant we were on the way to real elimination."

Prices reflected that change. A kilo of raw opium that had cost $30 at the time of the 2000 harvest cost $300 this year, and as stockpiles dwindled, the price rose to $700 in early September.

After Sept. 11, however, prices crashed to $90 as dealers unloaded their stocks to hold cash in the face of the coming crisis.

With the planting season under way, many farmers in Nangarhar province, a traditional center of the opium trade, are returning to a crop that has always offered them more financial security, even though most devout Muslim Afghans wouldn't touch the stuff themselves.

(Some Afghans say the Taliban themselves earned money from the opium trade, from the Islamic system of taxation of farmers called zaqat. Under zaqat, Islamic rulers earn 1/40th of the value of whatever crop is planted. Some rogue officials are also rumored to have been directly involved in the stockpiling and sale of opium, earning an estimated $30 million a year.)

Nonetheles, the new authorities are unlikely to try to do much to discourage farmers from returning to widespread poppy cultivation, say experts here.

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