Pentagon Seeks Next Jet Fighter

THE United States - despite cuts in its defense budget - is moving ahead with plans to sink as much as $100 billion into a new supersonic attack fighter.

Defense planners want to build at least 2,916 planes. If full funding is approved by Congress, it will be the largest US tactical aircraft development program ever. .

The new stealth-type aircraft, developed and built over the next 20 years, would serve three major branches of the military - the Air Force, Navy, and Marines.

Pentagon planners say that at an estimated $35 million each, the new aircraft will be a relative bargain. By contrast, the Air Force's newest air-superiority fighter, the F-22, will cost at least $162 million each.

The JAST (Joint Advanced Strike Technology) fighter is a descendant of several late '80s aircraft programs that didn't

get much beyond the design stage. As a ''one size fits all'' fighter, it's a concept that many in the military have been leery of in the past. But a combination of defense cuts, technological advances, and new mission profiles have given US military services a new outlook on sharing resources - and JAST is now moving towards the prototype stage of development

Three competitive design contracts for the JAST fighter have been let over the past eight months to Lockheed Martin Company, Boeing, and a corporate triumvirate of McDonnell Douglas, Northrup Grumman, and British Aerospace.

Two firms will be selected next year to build two flying prototypes each for the multi-service plane. One company will be chosen around 2001 to manufacture and oversee preliminary test flights.. The huge contract could mean thousands of jobs. It could also mark a turning point, either for better or worst, for some large US aerospace firms.

Tri-service cooperation

Marine Col. James Durham, of the Tactical Aircraft Division at the Secretary of Defense, calls this the first ground-up effort to build a plane modifiable for all three services.

In the 1960s, then Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara pushed the idea of modifying planes for use by many services. The F-111, a fighter-bomber built for dual use by the Navy and Air Force, was plagued by technical problems in its early years and, in the end, flown only by the Air Force.

The Navy, Air Force, and Marines did all fly the F-4, which was originally designed as a Navy plane. But the Air Force stripped it down to make it lighter and many in the Air Force were not satsified with the F-4.

Unlike land-based jets employed by the Air Force, the Navy needs an aircraft with larger wings, more powerful initial thrust, and stronger structure that can perform quick takeoffs and handle punishing landings on aircraft carriers.

Air Force mission profiles require aircaft that are relatively thinner,so as to be smaller targets. They also must be lighter, faster, more maneuverable, and able to fly further on the same amount of fuel than a carrier-based jet.

The Marines want planes similar to the Air Force's, with one major exception - they want one that also has short takeoff/vertical-landing (STOVL) capability. The Marines now use the AV-8BV, a British-designed plane with such capability, known as the Harrier. But the Harrier, first flown in 1966, is becoming outdated.

The JAST fighter would replace the Air Force's F-16 and A-10, the Navy's A-6, as well as the Marine's AV-8B and FA-18s.

The British Royal Navy is already considering buying 100 of the ASTOVLs. The US Navy would buy 300 of their carrier version. And the Air Force would buy 1,874 of the JAST aircraft.

In the past, the different needs of the services, plus traditional inter-service rivalry, have blocked production of a true tri-service fighter in the past.

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