Open-Ocean US Schools

CHECK college catalogs and it is evident that although more than 60 colleges and universities in the United States offer doctoral degrees in oceanography, just 10 do "blue water" oceanography the field of ocean science that extends beyond coastal or estuarine studies and incorporates open ocean research," write Arthur R. M. Nowell and Charles D. Hollister in the magazine "Oceanus." Referred to as Joint Oceanographic Institutions, they not only grant the overwhelming majority of doctoral degrees in the US, they also are the largest oceanographic research centers. Members include: University of Hawaii at Manoa; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.; Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University; Texas A&M University; University of Miami; University of Texas-Institute for Geophysics; Oregon State University; University of Washington/Seattle; University o f Rhode Island/Kingston; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.